| ÉúÎïÐÅϢѧÊÇ×ÛºÏÔËÓÃÉúÎïѧ¡¢Êýѧ¡¢ÎïÀíѧ¡¢ÐÅÏ¢¿ÆÑ§ÒÔ¼°¼ÆËã»ú¿ÆÑ§µÈÖî¶àѧ¿ÆµÄÀíÂÛ·½·¨µÄոн»²æÑ§¿Æ¡£ÉúÎïÐÅϢѧÊÇÄÚº·Ç³£·á¸»µÄѧ¿Æ£¬ÆäºËÐÄÊÇ»ùÒò×éÐÅϢѧ£¬°üÀ¨»ùÒò×éÐÅÏ¢µÄ»ñÈ¡¡¢´¦Àí¡¢´æ´¢¡¢·ÖÅäºÍ½âÊÍ¡£»ùÒò×éÐÅϢѧµÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇ¡°¶Á¶®¡±»ùÒò×éµÄºËÜÕËá˳Ðò£¬¼´È«²¿»ùÒòÔÚȾɫÌåÉϵÄÈ·ÇÐλÖÃÒÔ¼°¸÷DNAƬ¶ÎµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£»Í¬Ê±ÔÚ·¢ÏÖÁËлùÒòÐÅÏ¢Ö®ºó½øÐе°°×Öʿռä½á¹¹Ä£ÄâºÍÔ¤²â£¬È»ºóÒÀ¾ÝÌØ¶¨µ°°×ÖʵŦÄܽøÐÐÒ©ÎïÉè¼Æ¡£Á˽â»ùÒò±í´ïµÄµ÷¿Ø»úÀíÒ²ÊÇÉúÎïÐÅϢѧµÄÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ£¬¸ù¾ÝÉúÎï·Ö×ÓÔÚ»ùÒòµ÷¿ØÖеÄ×÷Óã¬ÃèÊöÈËÀ༲²¡µÄÕï¶Ï¡¢ÖÎÁÆÄÚÔÚ¹æÂÉ¡£ËüµÄÑо¿Ä¿±êÊǽÒʾ"»ùÒò×éÐÅÏ¢½á¹¹µÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ¼°ÒÅ´«ÓïÑԵĸù±¾¹æÂÉ"£¬½âÊÍÉúÃüµÄÒÅ´«ÓïÑÔ¡£ÉúÎïÐÅϢѧÒѳÉΪÕû¸öÉúÃü¿ÆÑ§·¢Õ¹µÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö£¬³ÉΪÉúÃü¿ÆÑ§Ñо¿µÄÇ°ÑØ¡£
½üÀ´µÄÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬»ùÒò×é²»½öÊÇ»ùÒòµÄ¼òµ¥ÅÅÁУ¬ËüÓÐÆäÌØÓеÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹ºÍÐÅÏ¢½á¹¹£¬ÕâÖֽṹÊÇÔÚ³¤ÆÚµÄÑÝ»¯¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúµÄ£¬Ò²ÊÇ»ùÒò·¢»ÓÆä¹¦ÄÜËù±ØÐëµÄ¡£ÅªÇå³þÉúÎïÌå»ùÒò×éÌØÓеÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹ºÍÐÅÏ¢½á¹¹£¬½âÒëÉúÃüµÄÒÅ´«ÓïÑԵĹؼü¡£
ĿǰÔÚÊý¾Ý¿âÖÐÒѾÓÐÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄģʽÉúÎïÈ«»ùÒò×éÐòÁУ¬Õû¸öÈËÀà»ùÒò×鼯»®¹¤×÷²ÝͼÒѾÍê³É¡£ÕâÎÞÒɸø»ùÒò×é×éÖ¯½á¹¹ºÍÐÅÏ¢½á¹¹µÄÑо¿¹¤×÷ÌṩÁË´óÁ¿µÄµÚÒ»ÊÖ²ÄÁÏ£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²Îª»ùÒò×éÑо¿È¡µÃÍ»ÆÆÐÔ½øÕ¹ÌṩÁË¿ÉÄÜ¡£ÈËÀà¶Ô»ùÒòµÄÈÏʶ£¬½«´ÓÒÔÍùµÄ¶Ôµ¥¸ö»ùÒòµÄÁ˽⣬ÉÏÉýµ½ÔÚÕû¸ö»ùÒò×éˮƽÉÏ¿¼²ì»ùÒòµÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹ºÍÐÅÏ¢½á¹¹£¬¿¼²ì»ùÒòÖ®¼äÔÚλÖᢽṹºÍ¹¦ÄÜÉϵÄÏ໥¹ØÏµ¡£
´ÓĿǰÉúÎïÐÅϢѧµÄÑо¿Çé¿öÀ´¿´£¬¹ú¼ÊÉϹ«ÈϵÄÉúÎïÐÅϢѧµÄÑо¿ÄÚÈÝ£¬´óÖ°üÀ¨ÒÔϼ¸¸ö·½Ã棺
- ÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢µÄÊÕ¼¯¡¢´æ´¢¡¢¹ÜÀíÓëÌṩ¡£°üÀ¨½¨Á¢¹ú¼Ê»ù±¾ÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢¿âºÍÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢´«ÊäµÄ¹ú¼ÊÁªÍøÏµÍ³£»½¨Á¢ÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢Êý¾ÝÖÊÁ¿µÄÆÀ¹ÀÓë¼ì²âϵͳ£»ÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢µÄÔÚÏß·þÎñ£»ÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÊÓ»¯ºÍר¼Òϵͳ¡£
- »ùÒò×éÐòÁÐÐÅÏ¢µÄÌáÈ¡ºÍ·ÖÎö¡£°üÀ¨»ùÒòµÄ·¢ÏÖÓë¼ø¶¨£¬ÈçÀûÓùú¼ÊEST Êý¾Ý¿â (dbEST) ºÍ¸÷×ÔʵÑéÊҲⶨµÄÏàÓ¦Êý¾Ý£¬¾¹ý´ó¹æÄ£
²¢ÐмÆËã·¢ÏÖлùÒòºÍÐÂSNPsÒÔ¼°¸÷ÖÖ¹¦ÄÜλµã£»»ùÒò×éÖзDZàÂëÇøµÄÐÅÏ¢½á¹¹·ÖÎö£¬Ìá³öÀíÂÛÄ£ÐÍ£¬²ûÃ÷¸ÃÇøÓòµÄÖØÒªÉúÎïѧ¹¦ÄÜ£»½øÐÐģʽÉúÎïÍêÕû»ùÒò×éµÄÐÅÏ¢½á¹¹·ÖÎöºÍ±È½ÏÑо¿£»ÀûÓÃÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢Ñо¿ÒÅ´«ÃÜÂëÆðÔ´¡¢»ùÒò×é½á¹¹µÄÑÝ»¯¡¢»ùÒò×é¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹ÓëDNAÕÛµþµÄ¹ØÏµÒÔ¼°»ùÒò×éÐÅÏ¢ÓëÉúÎï½ø»¯¹ØÏµµÈÉúÎïѧµÄÖØ´óÎÊÌâ¡£
- ¹¦ÄÜ»ùÒò×éÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢·ÖÎö¡£°üÀ¨Óë´ó¹æÄ£»ùÒò±í´ïÆ×·ÖÎöÏà¹ØµÄËã·¨¡¢Èí¼þÑо¿£¬»ùÒò±í´ïµ÷¿ØÍøÂçµÄÑо¿£»Óë»ùÒò×éÐÅÏ¢Ïà¹ØµÄºËËá¡¢µ°°×Öʿռä½á¹¹µÄÔ¤²âºÍÄ£Ä⣬ÒÔ¼°µ°°×Öʹ¦ÄÜÔ¤²âµÄÑо¿¡£
- ÉúÎï´ó·Ö×ӽṹģÄâºÍÒ©ÎïÉè¼Æ¡£°üÀ¨RNA(ºËÌǺËËá)µÄ½á¹¹Ä£ÄâºÍ·´ÒåRNAµÄ·Ö×ÓÉè¼Æ£»µ°°×Öʿռä½á¹¹Ä£ÄâºÍ·Ö×ÓÉè¼Æ£»¾ßÓв»Í¬¹¦ÄÜÓòµÄ¸´ºÏµ°°×ÖÊÒÔ¼°Á¬½ÓëĵÄÉè¼Æ£»ÉúÎï»îÐÔ·Ö×ӵĵç×ӽṹ¼ÆËãºÍÉè¼Æ£»ÄÉÃ×ÉúÎï²ÄÁϵÄÄ£ÄâÓëÉè¼Æ£»»ùÓÚøºÍ¹¦Äܵ°°×Öʽṹ¡¢Ï¸°û±íÃæÊÜÌå½á¹¹µÄÒ©ÎïÉè¼Æ£»»ùÓÚDNA½á¹¹µÄÒ©ÎïÉè¼ÆµÈ¡£
- ÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢·ÖÎöµÄ¼¼ÊõÓë·½·¨Ñо¿¡£°üÀ¨·¢Õ¹ÓÐЧµÄÄÜÖ§³Ö´ó³ß¶È×÷ͼÓë²âÐòÐèÒªµÄÈí¼þ¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Èô¸ÉÊý¾Ý¿â¹¤¾ß£¬ÖîÈçµç×ÓÍøÂçµÈÔ¶³ÌͨѶ¹¤¾ß£»¸Ä½øÏÖÓеÄÀíÂÛ·ÖÎö·½·¨£¬Èçͳ¼Æ·½·¨¡¢Ä£Ê½Ê¶±ð·½·¨¡¢ÒþÂí¶û¿Æ·ò¹ý³Ì·½·¨¡¢·Öά·½·¨¡¢Éñ¾ÍøÂç·½·¨¡¢¸´ÔÓÐÔ·ÖÎö·½·¨¡¢ÃÜÂëѧ·½·¨¡¢¶àÐòÁбȽϷ½·¨µÈ£»´´½¨Ò»ÇÐÊÊÓÃÓÚ»ùÒò×éÐÅÏ¢·ÖÎöµÄз½·¨¡¢Ð¼¼Êõ¡£°üÀ¨ÒýÈ븴ÔÓϵͳ·ÖÎö¼¼Êõ¡¢ÐÅϢϵͳ·ÖÎö¼¼ÊõµÈ£»½¨Á¢ÑϸñµÄ¶àÐòÁбȽϷ½·¨£»·¢Õ¹ÓëÓ¦ÓÃÃÜÂëѧ·½·¨ÒÔ¼°ÆäËûËã·¨ºÍ·ÖÎö¼¼Êõ£¬ÓÃÓÚ½âÊÍ»ùÒò×éµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Ì½Ë÷DNAÐòÁм°Æä¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹ÐÅÏ¢µÄбíÕ÷£»·¢Õ¹Ñо¿»ùÒò×éÍêÕûÐÅÏ¢½á¹¹ºÍÐÅÏ¢ÍøÂçµÄÑо¿·½·¨µÈ£»·¢Õ¹ÉúÎï´ó·Ö×Ó¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹Ä£Äâ¡¢µç×ӽṹģÄâºÍÒ©ÎïÉè¼ÆµÄз½·¨Óëм¼Êõ¡£
- Ó¦ÓÃÓë·¢Õ¹Ñо¿¡£»ã¼¯Óë¼²²¡Ïà¹ØµÄÈËÀà»ùÒòÐÅÏ¢£¬·¢Õ¹»¼ÕßÑùÆ·ÐòÁÐÐÅÏ¢¼ì²â¼¼ÊõºÍ»ùÓÚÐòÁÐÐÅϢѡÔñ±í´ïÔØÌå¡¢ÒýÎïµÄ¼¼Êõ£¬½¨Á¢Ó붯ֲÎïÁ¼ÖÖ·±ÓýÏà¹ØµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óë´ó·Ö×ÓÉè¼ÆºÍÒ©ÎïÉè¼ÆÏà¹ØµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£
Õª×Ô»ÆÓ¢Îä¡¢¹ýÌΡ¶ÉúÎïÐÅϢѧ¡·
ÉúÎïÐÅϢѧ½²×ù£¨Online
Lectures on Bioinformatics£©
ÉúÎïÐÅϢѧPPT
Part I:
Important Home Pages
[Top]
Manuals
[Top]
Other Guides and Tutorials
[Top]
Molecular Genetic Information
[Top]
Genomic Sequence Databases
[Top]
These are the four primary sequence databases. They exchange sequence
information daily.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ebi_docs/embl_db/ebi/topembl.html
Cambridge, UK.
- GenBank
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Web/Search/index.html
GenBank at the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) of The National
Library of Medicine (NLM) at The National Institutes for Health
(NIH) campus, USA.
- DNA Databank of Japan (DDBJ)
http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp
- Genome Sequence DataBase (GSDB)
http://seqsim.ncgr.org/
The National Center for Genome Resources, Genome Sequence Database.
The server is a supercomputer with genomic algorithm accelleration.
-
The mission of SOURCE is to provide a unique scientific resource
that pools publicly available data commonly sought after for any
clone, GenBank accession number, or gene. SOURCE is specifically
designed to facilitate the analysis of large sets of data that biologists
can now produce using genome-scale experimental approaches.
Other Genomic Databases and Utilities
[Top]
These are often specialised databases.
Sequence Search & Retrieval
[Top]
-
Integrated Database Retrieval Systems
-
-
-
-
-
Genome Database (GDB)
http://hgmp.mrc.ac.uk/gdb
or http://gdbwww.gdb.org/
Funding for this project has been withdrawn. This valuable database
will remain online, but it should be noted that no new entries will
be recorded after 31st July 1998.
-
GENATLAS (*)
5-5-2-DUWI/France
http://bisance.citi2.fr/GENATLAS/
A comprehensive, easy to use site. Search gene, marker or phenotype
or linkage databases. Useful, relevant links provided in the results.
The user can also locate the desired gene from a graphical clickable
map of disease related or other mapped genes on a chromosome.
-
Gene Cards (*)
http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/cards/
A very useful site providing comprehensive information and links.
Direct links to GenBank, SWISS-PROT and MedLine. Includes synonyms,
similar genes in other organisms, gene products and details about
disorders.
Sequence Identification (BLAST, FASTA etc.)
[Top]
Sequence Alignment
[Top]
cDNA Databases
[Top]
- TIGR Human cDNA Mapping Project
5-1-1-DcW/USA
http://www.tigr.org/tdb/hummap/hummap.html
Search by STS to retrieve individual STS reports, by GenBank, THC
or HC number for transcripts with mapped STS's or by Chromosome
number to see a list of all of the transcripts mapped to date, for
example, on chromosome 16.
- Via OMIM
You can search for a 'disease gene' at OMIM. Click the "DNA"
button in the results display and follow the link to the mRNA sequence.
Note the absence of U (uracil): this sequence is referred to in
GenBank reports as mRNA, but the sequence is a cDNA sequence.
http://www.nih.gov
Mutation Databases
[Top]
New Sequence Submission
[Top]
Open Reading Frame (ORF) Finder
[Top]
Sequence Translation
[Top]
Protein Sequence Databases
[Top]
Motif Databases
[Top]
Protein 3D Structure Database
[Top]
- Protein Databank
http://www2.ebi.ac.uk/pdb/index.shtml
Three dimensional protein structures which can be downloaded and
viewed locally (viewer required) or viewed in a hypertext browser
window (e.g. Netscape). The structures are experimentally determined
by X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging.
Protein Analysis Utilities
[Top]
- Web Cutter - Restriction Enzyme Mapping Utility
http://www.medkem.gu.se/cutter/
Map restriction enzyme sites on your sequence. Easy to use and comprehensive
options.
- Protein Colourer
5-2-1-PUW/UK
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/htbin/visprot.pl
Colour a protein sequence (raw text or SWISS-PROT Acc. No.) by properties
e.g. hydrophobicity.
- Residue Periodicity
Review this site
http://o2.dbuoa.gr/FT/
Study the periodicity of residues in a protein sequence.
- Compute the Theoretical pI and Mr
5-1-2-PUW/Switzerland
http://www.expasy.ch/ch2d/pi_tool.html
Calculates the theoretical pI or molecular mass of a protein, whose
sequence is entered by the user, or referred to as a SWISS-PROT
or TrEMBL entry.
- Random Protein Sequence Generator
5-5-2-PUW/Switzerland
http://www.expasy.ch/sprot/randseq.html
Random protein sequence generator! Output in FASTA format (the format
most commonly required by bioinformatics search sites).
PCR Primers & Probes
[Top]
Databases of Non-Human Sequences
[Top]
- Berkeley Fly Database
5-5-2-DDW (UI)/USA
http://www.fruitfly.org/bfd/
Search for sequences by name or map location, and optionally view
a clickable image of sequenced contigs aligned alongside the fly
chromosomes. Searches can be limited to available sequences only.
Retrieve P1, BAC or cosmid genomic clones, P element insertion lines,
YAC, STS and more.
- The Institute of Genomic Research Databases
http://www.tigr.org/tdb/tdb.html
Many databases including microbial, parasites, human, human cDNA,
mouse, rat, Arabidopsis, zebrafish, and others.
Utilities for Non-Human Sequences
[Top]
- European Drosophila Genome Project BLAST server
5-4-3-DDPDFWE/UK
http://edgp.ebi.ac.uk/www-blast.html
Search using the WU-BLAST 2.0 (gapped aligned) or the original BLAST
(which does not allow gaps). The database includes Drosophila
genomic data, EST's, STS's, P element sites, transposons, repeats,
and proteins.
- Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project BLAST Searches
5-4-3-DDFWE/USA
http://www.fruitfly.org/blast/
Search for your sequence using the WU-BLAST 2.0 algorithm for D.
melanogaster sequence data, including EST's, genomic sequences,
STS's or sequences derived from them, P element insertion sites
and transposons.
|
|