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生物芯片技术   Microarray & Gene Chip bookmarks

文献

1. D. D. Shoemaker, E. E. Schadt, C. D. Armour, Y. D., He, P. Garrett-Engele, P. D. McDonagh, P. M. Loer ..., Experimental annotation of the human genome using microarray technology, Nature Volume 409 Number 6822 Page 922 - 927 (2001)
2. Kane MD, Jatkoe TA, Stumpf CR, Lu J, Thomas JD, Madore SJ, Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of oligonucleotide (50mer) microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 2000 Nov 15;28(22):4552-7. Abstract
3. G. MacBeath and S.L. Schreiber, Printing Proteins as Microarrays for High-Throughput Function Determination, Science 2000 September 8; 289(5485): p. 1760-1763. Abstract (New! Protein chip)
4. Taton TA, Mirkin CA, Letsinger RL.[Northwestern U.] Scanometric DNA array detection with nanoparticle probes.  Science. 2000 Sep 8; 289(5485):1757-60. Seem to offer great selectivity and sensitivity. Abstract
5. Jörg Reichert et al., Chip-Based Optical Detection of DNA Hybridization by Means of Nanobead Labeling, Anal. Chem., 72 (24), 6025 -6029, 2000. Abstract
6. Reinke V, Smith HE, Nance J, Wang J, Van Doren C, Begley R, Jones SJ, Davis EB, Scherer S, Ward S, Kim SK [Stanford] A global profile of germline gene expression in C. elegans. Mol Cell 2000 Sep;6(3):605-16. URL
7. Marx J. DNA Arrays Reveal Cancer in Its Many Forms. Science2000 September 8; 289: 1670-1672. (in News Focus)
8. DJ Lockhart and EA Winzeler. Genomics, gene expression and DNA arrays. Nature, 2000, 405(6788):827-836.
9. Cortese JD, The Array of Today: Biomolecule arrays become the 21st century's test tube, The Scientist 14[17]:25, Sep. 4, 2000 URL
10. Cortese JD, Array of Options: Instrumentation to exploint the DNA microarray explosion, The Scientist 14[11]:26, May. 29, 2000 URL
11. Fritz J, Baller MK, Lang HP, Rothuizen H, Vettiger P, Meyer E, Guntherodt H, Gerber C, Gimzewski JK. Translating biomolecular recognition into nanomechanics. Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):316-8. [Medline]
12. Mark Schena (Ed.),  Microarray Biochip Technology, $49.95, Eaton Publishing Company, Distributed by TeleChem / arrayit.com
13. Scherf U, Ross DT, Waltham M, Smith LH, Lee JK, Tanabe L, Kohn KW, Reinhold WC, Myers TG, Andrews DT, Scudiero DA, Eisen MB, Sausville EA, Pommier Y, Botstein D, Brown PO, Weinstein JN. A gene expression database for the molecular pharmacology of cancer. Nat Genet. 2000 Mar;24(3):236-44. [Medline] [Authors' Web site]
14. Ross DT, Scherf U, Eisen MB, Perou CM, Rees C, Spellman P, Iyer V, Jeffrey SS, Van De Rijn M, Waltham M, Pergamenschikov A, Lee JC, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Myers TG, Weinstein JN, Botstein D, Brown PO.  Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell lines. Nat Genet. 2000 Mar;24(3):227-35. [Medline] [Authors' Web site]
15. Walt DR. Bead-based Fiber-Optic Arrays. Science, 2000 January 21; 287: 451-452. (in Tech.Sight)
16. Afshari CA, Nuwaysir EF, Barrett JC [NIEHS] Application of complementary DNA microarray technology to carcinogen identification, toxicology, and drug safety evaluation. Cancer Res 1999 Oct 1;59(19):4759-60
17. Gwynne P. and Page G. Microarray analysis: the next revolution in molecular biology. Science, 1999 August 6. (special advertising supplement; has a list of microarray-related companies)
18. Baldwin D, Crane V, Rice D. A comparison of gel-based, nylon filter and microarray techniques to detect differential RNA expression in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol1999 Apr;2(2):96-103
19. Pollack JR, Perou CM, Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Pergamenschikov A, Williams CF, Jeffrey SS, Botstein D, Brown PO [Stanford] Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy-number changes using cDNA microarrays. Nat Genet 1999 Sep;23(1):41-6
20. Khan J, Saal LH, Bittner ML, Chen Y, Trent JM, Meltzer PS. Expression profiling in cancer using cDNA microarrays. Electrophoresis 1999 Feb;20(2):223-9
21. Gerhold D, Rushmore T, Caskey CT [Merck]. DNA chips: promising toys have become powerful tools. Trends Biochem Sci 1999 May;24(5):168-73
22. Ekins R. and Chu F.W. Microarrays: their origins and applications. Trends in Biotechnology, 1999, 17, 217-218.
23. Nuwaysir, E.F., Bittner, M., Trent, J., Barrett, J.C., and Afshari, C.A. Microarray and Toxicology: The Advent of Toxicogenomics. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 1999, 24:153-159.
24. Sinclair, B. Everything's Great When It Sits on a Chip - A bright future for DNA arrays, The Scientist, 1999 May 24, 13(11), 18-20.
25. Nature Genetics published a special issue (January 1999 Supplement), The Chipping Forecast. It's a collection of more than 10 reviews (60 pages) on different aspects of microarray analysis. All the reviews are freely available online.
26. Biochips: From Technologies to Markets, 2nd Edition, (IBC's D&MD Report , March 1999, 200+ Pages, 25+ Exhibits, 20+ Companies Profiled, $4,950!)
27. Schena, M. and Davis, R.W. Genes, Genomes and Chips. In DNA Microarrays: A Practical Approach (ed. M. Schena), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1999.
28. Marton MJ, DeRisi JL, Bennett HA, Iyer VR, Meyer MR, Roberts CJ, Stoughton R, Burchard J, Slade D, Dai H, Bassett DE Jr, Hartwell LH, Brown PO, Friend SH [Rosetta/Stanford]. Drug target validation and identification of secondary drug target effects using DNA microarrays. Nat Med. 1998 Nov;4(11):1293-301. [Medline] (convincing results on the utility of microarray technology for drug target validation and identification.)
29. Wang DG, Fan JB, ..., Lander ES, et al [MIT] Large-scale identification, mapping, and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome. Science 1998 May 15;280(5366):1077-82
30. Schena, M. and R.W. Davis. Parallel Analysis with Biological Chips. in PCR Methods Manual (eds. M. Innis, D. Gelfand, J. Sninsky), Academic Press, San Diego, 1998. (Sorry, I haven't seen it yet.)
31. Lemieux, B., Aharoni, A., and M. Schena. Overview of DNA Chip Technology.  Molecular Breeding 1998, 4, 277-289.
32. Schena, M., Heller, R.A., Theriault, T.P., Konrad, K., Lachenmeier, E., and Davis, R.W. Microarrays: biotechnology's discovery platform for functional genomics. Trends in Biotechnology 1998, 16, 301-306.
33. Service, R.F. Microchip arrays put DNA on the spot. Science 1998, 282(5388), 396-399.
34. Service, R.F. Coming soon: the pocket DNA sequencer. Science 1998, 282(5388), 399-401.
35. Kricka, L. Revolution on a Square Centimeter. Nature Biotechnology 1998, 16, 513.
36. Housman, D.; Ledley, F. Why pharmacogenomics? Why now? Nature Biotechnology 1998, 16(6), 492-493.
37. Ramsay, G. DNA chips - states-of-the-art. Nature Biotechnology 1998, 16(1), 40-44.
38. Marshall, A.; Hodgson, J.  DNA chips - an array of possibilities. Nature Biotechnology 1998, 16(1), 27-31.
39. Kononen J, Bubendorf L, Kallioniemi A, Barlund M, Schraml P, Leighton S, Torhorst J, Mihatsch MJ, Sauter G, Kallioniemi OP. Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens. Nat Med 1998 Jul;4(7):844-847
40. Blanchard, A.P. (1998) Synthetic DNA Arrays; in Genetic Engineering, Vol. 20, pp. 111-123, edited by J.K. Setlow, Plenum Press, New York.
41. Proudnikov D, Timofeev E, Mirzabekov A [Argonne]. Immobilization of DNA in polyacrylamide gel for the manufacture of DNA and DNA-oligonucleotide microchips. Anal Biochem 1998 May 15;259(1):34-41
42. Chen JJ, Wu R, Yang PC, Huang JY, Sher YP, Han MH, Kao WC, Lee PJ, Chiu TF, Chang F, Chu YW, Wu CW, Peck K Profiling expression patterns and isolating differentially expressed genes by cDNA microarray system with colorimetry detection. Genomics 1998 Aug 1;51(3):313-24.
43. Wallace, R. W.  DNA on a chip - serving up the genome for diagnostics and research. Molecular Medicine Today 1997, 3, 384-389.
44. Covacci, A.; Kennedy, G. C.; Cormack, B.; Rappuoli, R.; Falkow, S. From microbial genomics to meta-genomics. Drug Development Research 1997, 41, 180-192.
45. Forozan, F.; Karhu, R.; Kononen, J.; Kallioniemi, A.; Kallioniemi, O. P. Genome screening by comparative genomic hybridization. Trends in Genetics 1997, 13, 405-409.
46. Sapolsky, Ronald J.;  Winzeler, Elizabeth A. The Functional Analysis Of Genomes: Recent Research In The Laboratory Of Dr. Ronald Davis (at Stanford University)
47. Blanchard, A.P. &  L. Hood.  Sequence to array: probing the genome's secrets. Nature Biotechnology  14:1649, 1996
48. Blanchard, A.P., R.J.Kaiser, L.E.Hood.  High-Density Oligonucleotide Arrays. Biosensors & Bioelectronics 11:687-690, 1996
49. DeRisi J, Penland L, Brown PO, Bittner ML, Meltzer PS, Ray M, Chen Y, Su YA, Trent JM [Stanford and NIH] Use of a cDNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer. Nat Genet 1996 Dec;14(4):457-60
50. Shalon D, Smith SJ, Brown PO [Stanford] A DNA microarray system for analyzing complex DNA samples using two-color fluorescent probe hybridization. Genome Res 1996 Jul;6(7):639-45
51. Schena M, Shalon D, Heller R, Chai A, Brown PO, Davis RW [Stanford] Parallel human genome analysis: microarray-based expression monitoring of 1000 genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 Oct 1;93(20):10614-9
52. Schena M, Shalon D, Davis RW, Brown PO [Stanford] Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science1995 Oct 20;270(5235):467-70

数据库

Academic Links

1. Many academic organizations have set up their mciroarray core facilities in order to make this technology accessible to their reserchers.  Dr. Wentian Li of Rockefeller University maintains a list of such core facilities.
2. DNA Microarray (Genome Chip) homepage (this site, created by Dr. Leming Shi), is a good starting point and contains a lot of useful links and background information. This site was reviewed by Science magazine.
3. Science magazine maintains an excellent collection of information on functional genomics. (www.sciencegenomics.org)
4. Dr. Ruth Alscher (ralscher@vt.edu) at Virginia Tech maintains an excellent Web site GRID IT on DNA Microarrays (http://www.bsi.vt.edu/ralscher/gridit).
5. Gene-Arrays mailing list (maintained by Chandi Griffin at San Francisco General Hospital/UCSF). To subscribe, send a one line e-mail message to listserv@listserv.ucsf.edu; the single line message should be: subscribe Gene-Arrays your-first-name your-last-name. This is a very good place to ask all kinds of questions regarding gene chips and DNA microarrays. To post a question to the whole mailing list, send email to GENE-ARRAYS@ITSSRV1.UCSF.EDU. You may leave the list at any time by sending a "SIGNOFF GENE-ARRAYS" command to listserv@listserv.ucsf.eduFAQ in PDF
6. PlantArrays Mailing List To subscribe send the word "subscribe" to plantarrays-request@genome.stanford.edu.
7. Tim Tranbarger maintains the Plant-Array Website in the context of the WWW Virtual Library ( http://www.w3.org/vl/).
8. A microarrays newsgroup was recently made available at http://www.egroups.com/group/microarray/ (maintained by Philippe Marc).
9. The Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF)'s Microarray Research Group (MARG) conducted a survey on the current status of the microarray technology.  The results is presented in a poster: "THE STATE OF THE ART OF MICROARRAY ANALYSIS: A PROFILE OF MICROARRAY LABORATORIES."
10. The Microarray Site of Nature Genetics
11. Nobel Laureate Martin L. Perl's group at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is investigating if their new drop-on-demand inkjet technology originally designed for the searching of certain hypothetical types of elementary particles would be of use in the production of DNA microarrays.
12. Stanford University's Dr. Patrick Brown, one of the major players in this field. This group has a complete guide for researchers to build their own microarrayer, at a fraction of the price of commercial products
13. DNA Microarray Protocols of Dr. Mark Schena: very detailed and useful information on performing DNA microarray experiments.
14. Dr. Mark Schena Home Page
15. NIST ATP Awards 1998: Tools for DNA Diagnostics (7 of the 29 proposals were awarded)  Check project manager Dr. Stanley Abramowitz's overview talk on this field
16. CGAP (Cancer Genome Anatomy Project) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH.
17. Microarray Project at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), NIH
18. The NIEHS cDNA Microarray Center: Human ToxChip v 1.0, Human Discovery Chip, Yeast Chip, Rat Chip, Xenopus Chip v 1.0, and Mouse Chip.
19. Dr. John N. Weinstein at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed an "information-intensive" anticancer drug discovery approach that integrates chemical structure information and anticancer activity patterns of >70,000 screened compounds with gene expression (microarray) data of the 60 human cancer cell lines
20. Dr. Alan Robinson's web resource on Gene Expression and Microarray Technologies, at EBI. (highly recommended) links to public sources of expression data, informatics, analysis tools, ...
21. Andreas Matern's home page on DNA Microarrays
22. PhRMA's Microarrays and "DNA chips" site
23. Anatomy of a Comparative Gene Expression Study (by Jeremy Buhle). It's a very nice description of the microarray technology, also includes a Glossary of Microarray-related Biotechnology Terms
24. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research/MIT Center for Genome Research
25. Dr. Geoffrey Childs, Functional Genomics at AECOM, Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
26. Computational Genomics at Harvard University (Dr. George M. Church, a lot of very useful links)
27. Human Genome Project Information at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy
28. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is developing "Tissue Chip" to Illuminate the Cancer Development Process. NIH Clinical Study: 97-C-0178: Fludarabine Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: cDNA Microarray Gene Expression Analysis, and Preclinical Bone Marrow Transplant/Immunotherapy Studies
29. Garner Lab at UTSW - Gene Networks
30. DNA Microarray Technology to identify genes controlling spermatogenesis, Sam Ward at the University of Arizona
31. Vivian Cheung's Lab at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia focuses on the development of Direct Identical-by-Descent (IBD) Mapping, which is a DNA microarray-based mapping technique that allows isolation and mapping of DNA fragments shared IBD between individuals.
32. University of Washington, Dr. Lee Hood,  Java-based Array Image Spot Finding and Quantification Software (CrazyQuant)
33. Dr. Bernd Weisshaar's listing of DNA microarray links (plants), Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung
34. Dr. Landers' Group at the University of Pittsburgh is developing microcolumn technology for clinical diagnostics. This capillary-based Integrated Diagnostic (ID) Chip may have great potential in clinical diagnostics.
35. Dr. Claude Jacq's group at ENS, France. They also maintain a discussion list: pucesadn@ens.fr
36. Toxicogenomics homepage at the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT): discusses how the DNA microarray technology is impacting toxicological research.
37. Dr. Kent Vrana's Gene Expression Technology Group at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine.
38. The Vanderbilt University Microarray Core Facility (microarrays.com) offers microarray-based products and services.
39. MRC Toxicology Unit DNA Microarray Pages maintained by Dr Timothy W. Gant.
40. The Nylon MicroArrays site provides detailed information on the use of nylon microarrays (allowing expression profiling with small amounts of unamplified RNA) and a number of useful utilities for choosing and checking IMAGE clones representing given genes. contact: jordan@ciml.univ-mrs.fr
41. Arabidopsis Functional Genomics Consortium (AFGC) at Stanford University, funded by NSF: microarrays, knockouts, and plant-specific genes.
42. Dr. Eiichiro Ichiishi of Kyoto Prefectural Univ. of Medicine maintains a Web site on DNA chip technology (in Japanese).
43. Dr. Michael C. Pirrung at Duke University is developing novel methods to cleave DNA strands into the shorter fragments for DNA chip analysis and DNA chip computation.
44. ArrayNL platform©: DNA-chips and microarrays in the Netherlands, maintained at the Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center.
45. The Microarray Centre at The Ontario Cancer Institute.
46. Links to DNA Microarray protocols , maintained by Longcheng Li at UCSF
47. Biochip Research & Development Center, Tsinghua Univeristy, Beijing, China. Director: Dr. Jing Cheng.
48. Natl. Lab. of Molecular and Biomolecular Elecctronics, Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China.
49. Zicai Liang at Karolinska Institutet.
50. KIChip: Karolinska Institute cDNA Micro-Array Core Facility
51. Dr. Gerhard M. Kreshach maintains a list of more than 1000 links to to Life Science News, Resources & Databases, including DNA, Oligonucleotide, and Protein Arrays
52. Fission yeast functional genomics group at The Sanger Centre headed by Dr. Jurg Bahler.
53. The Xenopus Microarray Project at Rockefeller Univ., includes protocols, software, and links.
54. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Microarray Consortium (EPAMAC) (Great!)
55. The Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips at Virgnia Commonwealth University and the Medical Colleage of Virginia Health System focuses on next generation microarrays, integrated molecular electronic devices using biologically active molecules and neurochips.
56. St. George's Hospital Medical School's microarray facility on Bacterial Microarrays.
57. UCLA Human Genetics DNA Microarray Core Facility
58. Cornell Weill Medical College DNA Microarray Core Facility (Dr. Jenny Z. Xiang)
59. Baylor College of Medicine Microarray Core Facility
60. ORNL's Links to the Genetic World
61. Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, Scotland University of Edinburgh.

Industry Links (Companies are listed alphabetically.)

A good summary of available Human arrays can be found at the September 4, 2000 issue of The Scientist. (by Jorge D. Cortese)

1. ACLARA BioSciences, Inc., (used to be called Soane Biosciences) Hayward, California (Plastic chips and microfluidic systems based on "Lab-On-A-Chip" microfluidics US Patent 5,750,015: "Method and device for moving molecules by the application of a plurality of electrical fields") Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" for Project: Multiplexed Sample Preparation Microsystem for DNA Diagnostics
2. Advanced Array Technology S.A. (Belgium),  BIO-CD™: compact disc platform for DNA detection
3. Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, California (The technology leader; manufactures the widely used GeneChip^®arrays, including HIV, p450, p53, Rat Toxicology U34 arrays, etc.)
4. Agilent Technologies, Inc. (Palo Alto, California), a subsidiary of Hewlett-Packard Company, plans to expand its presence in the life science market through the introduction of a new DNA microarray program. It uses inkjet printing technology to manufacture its oligo-based DNA microarrays. Licensed from Ed Southern/OGT. LabChip™-based DNA and RNA bioanalyzer.
5. Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
6. Alpha Innotech Corp., San Leandro, CA. Provides instruments and software for chemiluminescence, fluorescence, and colorimetric imaging.
7. AlphaGene, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (full length cDNA FLEX™ and MicroFLEX library construction; High Throughput Gene Expression Profiling; High Throughput DNA Sequencing; Bioinformatics)
8. Applied Precision, Inc., Issaquah, Washington. ArrayWoRx is a wide field light source based microarray scanner, combines limitless wavelength possibilities with automation and image processing software.
9. Asper Ltd.,  Estonia. Arrayed Primer Extension (APEX) and Asper ChipReader 003
10. AVIVA Biosciences Corp., San Diego, CA. Dedicated to the application of breakthrough multiple-force biochip technology for genomics and proteomics. The company is developing an integrated sample-to-result AVIChip™ system with an emphasis on biological sample preparation and chip-based molecular manipulation. The AVIChip™ system will separate and transport a variety of mRNA, or other molecules from crude biological samples and simultaneously perform a wide range of biological and biochemical analyses. AVIVA's technology allows fast, accurate, automated, and high-throughput biological analysis on integrated biochip systems and provides novel approaches to both drug development and clinical diagnostics.
11. Axon Instruments, Inc., Foster City, California (GenePix 4000 Integrated Microarray Scanner and Analysis Software, simultaneously scans microarray slides at two wavelengths using a dual laser scanning system, displays images from two wavelengths and a ratio image as they are acquired in real time; US$50,000)
12. AxyS Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California: Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" Project: Liquid Array Technology Development
13. Beckman-Coulter
14. Beecher Instruments, Silver Spring, MD. Tissue array technology for high-throughput analysis of tissue specimens.
15. BioArray Solutions, LLC, Piscataway, NJ. Light-controlled Electrokinetic Assembly of Particles near Surfaces (LEAPS), enables  computer controlled assembly of beads and cells into planar arrays within a miniaturized, enclosed fluid compartment on the surface of a semiconductor wafer.
16. BioChip Technologies
17. bioDevice Partners, Cohasset, MA. Provides consulting services to the microarraying community in the area of optics and instrumentation
18. BioDiscovery, Inc., Los Angeles, California (ImaGene™, special image processing and data extraction software)
19. Biodot
20. Biomedical Photometrics, Inc., (MACROscope™  for reading genetic microarrays, in collaboration with Canadian Genetic Microarray Consortium)
21. bioMerieux, in vitro diagnostics
22. BioRobotics Ltd.,  Comberton, Cambridge, UK (MicroGrid, for arraying oligonucleotides or cDNA clones on glass slides and plastic chips)
23. Brax, Cambridge, UK
24. Cadus Pharmaceutical Corp., Tarrytown, New York (yeast living chip)
25. Caliper Technologies Corp., Palo Alto, California: LabChips™ based on microfluidics. Awarded $2 million contract by NIST to develop high-throughput DNA diagnostic platform. Project: Reference Laboratory LabChip™ DNA Diagnostics System
26. Capital Biochip Corp., Beijing, China. Co-founded on 30th September 2000 by Tsinghua University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Academy of Military Medical Sciences. The registered capital for  Capital Biochip is RMB $390 million with RMB $240 million contributed by the four institutional founding members and RMB $150 million from international venture capital firms. (Note: 1 US dollar = ~8.2 RMB).  It is backed by funds from the Chinese governmental agencies to developed and commercialize various biochip technologies.  It is recruiting qualified researchers from the world.
27. Cartesian Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA. PixSys PA Series: for Automated liquid handling system for creating high-density arrays for genomics research. Scan Array 3000: A Fluorescent Imaging System for microarray biochips.
28. Celera, Rockville, Maryland (Everyone knows this company!)
29. Cellomics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (ArrayScan™, cell-based "High Content Screening" (HCS) for drug discovery)
30. Cepheid  Sunnyvale, California (microfluidics)
31. Clinical Micro Sensors, Inc., Pasadena, California. Now part of Motorola. DNA microchip-based medical diagnostics; detection of directly detect DNA via electron transfer. Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" Project: DNA Diagnostics for the Point of Care Using Electronic Nucleic Acid Detection
32. Clontech's Atlas^TM human cDNA array (nylon-membrane based)
33. CombiMatrix Corporation, Burlingame, CA.
34. Compugen's LEADS^TM drug discovery platform for identifying drug targets based on the analysis of EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) and genomic databases, expression results from chips and proteomics, and polymorphism detection and qualification; DNA chip design and analysis. LabOnWeb.com
35. Corning Science Products Division, Acton, MA provides the (Corning Microarray Technology) CMT-GAPS amino silane coated slides and CMT-Hybridization chamber.
36. Corvas International, Inc., (2D gel, proteomics)
37. Cruachem Ltd, U.K. manufactures the phosphoramidite building blocks for the synthesis of DNA. Its expertise in DNA technology provides an efficient service for the supply of DNA oligonucleotides. Cruachem Ltd is enthusiastically looking for partners with which to collaborate in the area of DNA chip technology.
38. CuraGen Corp., New Haven, Connecticut.  GeneCalling™ and Quantitative Expression Analysis (QEA™), CuraMode, CuraTox
39. diaDexus, LLC, Santa Clara, California. joint venture between SmithKline Beecham Corp. and Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Specialized in using microarray technology for molecular diagnostics
40. Display Systems Biotech, Inc, Vista, CA and Copenhagen, Denmark. discoveryARRAY slides (over 2400 expressed cDNA fragments); will soon offer over 40,000 arrayed mouse and human genes; GEE-NOME BioInformatic system.
41. DNAmicroarray.com. offers complete "made to order" high density DNA microarray synthesis and analysis services. Prices, availability, and turnaround time seem impressive.
42. Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium. Sells yeast and Bacillus subtilis genomic membranes.
43. Gel biochip
44. First Genetic Trust, Inc., Deerfield, IL. Acting as a third-party intermediary among researchers, health care providers and patients. Its goal is to build a comprehensive, high-security, independent "genetic bank".
45. Gene Logic, Inc., Columbia, Maryland (Flow-thru Chip^TM: has hundreds of thousands of discrete microscopic channels that pass completely through it. Probe molecules are attached to the inner surface of these channels, and target molecules flow through the channels, coming into close proximity to the probes. This proximity facilitates hybridization. READS™, Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Differentially-expressed Sequences, for capturing and analyzing the overall gene expression profile of a given cell or tissue type to identify drug targets)
46. Genemachines Genomic Instrumentation Services, Inc., Menlo Park, California (OmniGrid, glass slides or nylon membranes, similar to Dr. Pat Brown's)
47. General Scanning Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts (laser scanning and micropositioning, manufactures MicroArray Biochip Scanning System: ScanArray^TM). Now called GSI Lumonics
48. GeneScreen, Inc.,  The Genetics Profiling Company
49. Genisphere, Oakland, New Jersey. Provides fluorescently-labeled kits for gene expression arrays. (uses highly branched nucleic acids - dendrimer technology)
50. GeneTrace Systems
51. Genetic Analysis Technology Consortium (GATC)
52. Genetic MicroSystems Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (instrumentation for DNA microarray-based analysis) Acquired by Affymetrix.
53. Genetix Ltd., Christchurch, Dorset, UK (Q-Bot, Q-Pix)
    Genicon Sciences Corp, San Diego, CA. Developed an ultra-sensitive signal generation and detection platform technology based on Resonance Light Scattering (RLS) for the simple and efficient detection, measurement and analysis of biological interactions.
54. Genome Systems Inc., St. Louis, MO, a wholly owned subsidiary of Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc., GDA: Gene Discovery Array
55. Genometrix Inc., The Woodlands, Texas (Bioscanner™, GeneView®, Universal Arrays™, Risk-Tox)
56. Genomic Solutions, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Flexys™ modular robotic system, GeneTAC™ and Genomic Integrator™ array analysis products automates the imaging and analysis of gene microarrays.)
57. GENPAK Inc, Stony Brook, NY. genpakARRAY 21 robotic microarrayer system and genSTATION 3XL manual microarrayer system.
58. GENSET, Paris, France (specialized in pharmacogenomics)
59. Genemed Synthesis Inc., South San Francisco, CA. Supplies oligos.
60. GenomeWeb,  print and electronic provider of news and information on the business and technology of genomics and bioinformatics worldwide.
61. GeSiM, Germany. The Nano-Plotter is based on piezoelectric pipetting principle.
62. Genzyme Molecular Oncology (SAGE^®: Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
63. HP GeneArray Scanner (used by Affymetrix and others)
64. Hyseq Inc., Sunnyvale, California (Sequencing By Hybridization. HyX platform and Gene Discovery, HyGnostics, and HyChip™ modules)
65. Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California. utilizes fiber optics, microfabrication, and advanced information processing to create arrays where 250,000 discrete sensors fit on a probe the diameter of the head of a pin.
66. I.M.A.G.E. Consortium: "Sharing resources to achieve a common goal - the discovery of all genes"
67. Incyte Genomics, Inc., Palo Alto, California (GEM Microarrays, GeneJet^TM array, LifeSeq^® Database with estimated 100,000 genes, and LifeArray Microarray Software)
68. IntegriDerm, Inc., Huntsville, AL. Produces DermArray DNA microarrays for dermatologic research.
69. Intelligent Bio-Instruments, Cambridge, Massachusetts
70. JMAR's Precision Systems, Inc., Chatsworth, CA. Designer and manufacturer of UV exposure and mask aligner systems specifically designed for bio-chip manufacturers. Also produces custom micropositioning systems for micro-spotting equipment and high resolution dimensional metrology and defect inspection systems for quality assurance of bio-chips and DNA microarrays.
71. Lab-on-a-Chip.com, provides focused information on all Lab-on-a-Chip technologies. It includes published papers, news, events, new products, suppliers, research links, jobs and discussion forums.
72. Labman Automation Ltd., North Yorkshire, TS9 5JY, UK (HDMS: Labman High-Density Microarray Spotter)
73. Lifecodes Corp., Stamford, Connecticut (Lifecodes MicroArray System: LMAS)
74. Lynx , Megasort™ is a bead-based process providing differential DNA analysis.
75. Mergen Ltd., San Leandro, CA. ExpressChip™ oligonucleotide microarray. Offers a full range of services.
76. Micralyne Inc., (formerly Alberta Microelectronic Corp.) Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  Fabricates micromachined glass, silicon and thin film components for use in microfluidics.
77. MicroFab Technologies, Inc., Plano, TX. manufactures piezoelectric drop-on-demand ink-jet printing technology for
    microdispensing fluids.
78. Micronics, Inc., Redmond, Washington. microfluidics based systems for application to clinical laboratory diagnostics: Microcytometer™, H-Filter™, T-Sensor™, and O.R.C.A. µFluidics.
79. Molecular Dynamics, Inc., Sunnyvale, California (Storm® and FluorImager®)
80. Molecular Tool, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland. Genetic Bit Analysis, GBA^®, Genomatic™. Acquired by Orchid Biocomputer on September 14, 1998.
81. Mosaic Technologies, Inc., Waltham, MA. EZ-RAYS^TM activated slide kits for DNA microarrays.
82. Motorola BioChip Systems. Licensed a 3-D gel pad technology from Argonne National Laboratory.
83. Nanolytics is developing Custom Array Synthesis Technology
84. Nanogen, San Diego, California (Electronic Addressing, Concentration, and Hybridization)
85. NEN Life Science Products, Boston, MA (MICROMAX™ Human cDNA Microarray System I for differential gene expression analysis)
86. Oncormed Inc., (acquired by Gene Logic in July, 1998) characterizes genes to establish their clinical relevancy and provides molecular profiling of patients for pharmacogenomic and therapeutic purposes
87. Operon Technologies, Inc., Alameda, CA. Low density (320 or 370 genes, 70-mers) OpArrays^TM microarrays.
88. Orchid BioSciences, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey (a Sarnoff company) microfluidic chips; applying microfabrication processes in glass, silicon, and other materials to create three dimensional structures.  Contained within these devices are small capillary channels less than a millimeter wide. Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" Project: Polymerase Signaling Assay for DNA Variation Detection on Universal Processor Arrays It also has a Web site on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
89. OriGene Technologies Inc., Rockville, MD.  Offers SmartArray™  chips (Huamn), including nuclear hormone receptors, homeobox/b-zip/HLH transciption factors, tissue-specific/inducible transcription factors , and phosphotyrosine Kinases.
90. Oxford Gene Technology Ltd (Ed Southern) Oligo-based microarray
91. Packard Instrument Company, Meriden, Connecticut. (BioChip Arrayer)
92. PamGene B.V., The Netherlands. flow-through technology for microarray.
93. PE Applied Biosystems, Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" for project: Integrated, Micro-Sample Preparation System for Genetic Analysis
94. PharmaSeq, Inc., Monmouth Junction (near Princeton), NJ. Developer of microtransponder-based technology for DNA diagnostic assays. Wins NIST ATP Award in "Tools for DNA Diagnostics" for project: Multiplex DNA Diagnostic Assay Based on Microtransponders
95. Phase-1 Molecular Toxicology, Inc., Santa Fe, New Mexico. Molecular and high throughput toxicology using gene chips (Licensed from Xenometrix)
96. Proligo LLC, Boulder, CO.  Nucleic acid supplier.
97. Protogene Laboratories, Palo Alto, California (Surface tension array on glass substrate; "Printing" reagents using drop-on-demand technology)
98. R&D Systems, Minneapolis, M. Cytokine Expression Array allows one to determine the RNA level for approximately 400 cytokines and related factors in one standard hybridization experiment. (charged nylon membrane)
99. Radius Biosciences, Medfield, Massachusetts.  Custom DNA, RNA, PNA, and Protein MicroArray Chips.
100. Research Genetics, Huntsville, Alabama (GeneFilter)
101. RoboDesign International Inc., Carlsbad, CA. Its RoboArrayer is integrated with a vision system to allow for real-time quantification of spot size and spot volume during the printing process.
102. Rosetta Inpharmatics, Kirkland, Washington. FlexJet™ DNA oligonucleotides microarrays (in-situ synthesized on a glass support via ink-jet printing process); Resolver™ Expression Data Analysis System.
103. SciMatrix, Inc., Durham, NC. Offers ArrayWorks^TM, a complete line of custom microarray services, for the production, processing, and analysis of microarrays, using PixSys^TM arrayers from Cartesian Technologies. It also provides customized ArrayEngine^TM microarray systems.
104. Sequana Therapeutics (merged with Arris Pharmaceutical to become AxyS Pharmaceuticals), La Jolla, California
105. Sequenom, Hamburg, Germany, and San Diego, California (DNA MassArray, BiomassPROBE, Biomass SIZE, BiomassSEQUENCE, BiomassSCAN, BiomassINDEX, and SpectroChip)
106. Sigma-Genosys Ltd., The Woodlands, Texas (Panorama™E. coli Gene Arrays, 4,290 genes per array)
107. SuperArray Inc., Bethesda, MD. Their gene expression array (GEArray™ ) systems (Human and mouse) are designed for pathway-specific gene expression profiling.  Also offers ChoiceGEArray to meet customer's specific requirements.
108. SurModics, Inc., Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Manufactures 3D-Link^TM activated slides for the production of microarrays.  Uses amine-modified DNA to hybridize on the surface of the slide.
109. Synteni, Inc., Fremont, California (acquired by Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in January 1998) (UniGEM™ Gene Expression Microarray)
110. The German Cancer Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
111. TeleChem International, Sunnyvale, California (offers whole system parts: ChipMaker, SmartChips, ArrayIt, Hybridization Cassette, ScanArray 3000, ImaGene Quantification Software, and Super Microarray Substrates)
112. Third Wave Technologies, Inc., Madison, WI. Develops and commercializes simple, low-cost nucleic acid platform technologies to fundamentally alter disease discovery, diagnosis and treatment. Invader^® assay and CFLP^® Technology
113. Tissue Array, for expression study of protein and in situ screening of mRNA.
114. V&P Scientific, Inc., San Diego, CA. Supplies inexpensive replicators ($3000 or so) that will make macroarrays on membranes, or microarrays on slides.
115. Virtek Vision International Inc. (Ontario, Canada) ChipReader™ is a high-sensitivity laser confocal system for rapid imaging of the DNA microarrays.
116. Vysis, Inc., Downers Grove, Illinois (CGH-Comparative Genomic Hybridization; The GenoSensor Microarray System includes genomic microarrays, reagents, instrumentation and analysis software.)
117. Xanthon, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, has developed a multiplexed, microplate-based electrochemical detection system for high-throughput screening of compounds for their effects on gene expression.  Based on measurement of the oxidation of guanine on an electrode.
118. Xenometrix, Inc., Boulder, CO (Gene Profile Assay and bioinformatics for gene induction profile analysis; a demo is available)
119. XENOPORE Corp., Hawthorne, NJ.  Manufacturer of coated microscope slides, including silanated, silylated, epoxy, streptavidin, nickel chelate, and many other surfaces.

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