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Essential Resource for Immunology

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Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death)

• Apoptosis - Overview of the process with a particular emphasis on the role of nitric oxide. (Reproductive and Cardiovascular Disease Research Group, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK)
• Apoptosis: Overall scheme - Basic overview of apoptosis, with a useful table outlining differences between apoptosis and necrosis. (Neuromuscular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine)
• Apoptosis Pathway - Information on apoptotic pathways. (Roche Applied Science)
• Apoptosis-db.org - A database-driven site that keeps a current list of proteins and protein domaines involved in apoptosis using automated bioinformatics analysis. It also has diagrams, structural models and interaction diagrams between proteins with respect to domains. (The Burnham Institute)
• CELLS Alive!: Apoptosis - Image sequence of a neutrophil undergoing apoptosis. (Beginner's Level)
• CellDeath.de - "CellDeath.de intends to be a forum for apoptosis-related subjects" and contains information, methods, links to labs, apoptosis-related job listings, a discussion forum and news.
• Cell Death Society - A general overview of apoptosis and programmed cell death.
• Cell Injury and Adaptation - A slide-show dealing with cell injury, necrosis and apoptosis. (James H. Harrison; part of the Medical Pathology course at Tulane University School of Medicine)
• ICRF FACS Laboratory: Apoptosis - Methods for detection of apoptosis using flow cytometry. (FACS Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, UK)
• The Interactive Fly: Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis) - "A common pathway for developmentally regulated cell death." (Society for Developmental Biology)
• Kimball's Biology Pages: Apoptosis - Basic information on apoptosis ("death by suicide" as opposed to "death by injury" or necrosis). (Beginner's Level)
• List of Apoptosis Regulators - Links to database information on a large number of protein regulators of apoptosis.
• Molecular Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease: Apoptosis-Related Genes - Links to apoptosis-related gene information in the Online Mendalian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. (Alzheimer's Research Forum)
• NIH Apoptosis Interest Group - A site designed to facilitate communication between scientists at the NIH and in the Washington area interested in apoptosis and programmed cell death with monthly seminars open to the public; also sponsors an accompanying e-mail list.
• OncoLink: Apoptosis, Radiosensitivity and the Cell Cycle - Information on biochemical pathways tied to apoptosis. (University of Pennsylvania)
• Programmed Cell Death in Development from the Dynamic Development site, a part of "The Virtual Embryo" (Just above Beginner's Level)
• Picture of the Caspase Family - Information on caspases (interleukin-1ß-converting enzyme/Ced3-like - ICE-like - family of proteases).
• The Phytoplankton Cell Death Page - An overview of programmed cell death in microalgae. (John A. Berges, Queen's University of Belfast)
• Science News Digest for Physicians and Scientists: Apoptosis Page - Tables of information on apoptosis - characteristics, phases, signals and proteins involved with links to other sites devoted to apoptosis.

• TP53 sequencing

  Here are some links to publications that describe methods to sequence human TP53:

  Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)

  Mazars R, Pujol P, Maudelonde T, Jeanteur P, Theillet C. p53 mutations in ovarian cancer: a late event? Oncogene. 1991 Sep;6(9):1685-90. PubMed

  Denaturing Gradiant Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE)

  Hamelin R, Jego N, Laurent-Puig P, Vidaud M, Thomas G. Efficient screening of p53 mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in colorectal tumors. Oncogene. 1993 Aug;8(8):2213-20. PubMed

  Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE)

  Taniere P, Martel-Planche G, Maurici D, Lombard-Bohas C, Scoazec JY, Montesano R, Berger F, Hainaut P. Molecular and clinical differences between adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and of the gastric cardia. Am J Pathol. 2001 Jan;158(1):33-40. PubMed

  Cloning of genomic DNA and sequencing

  Baker SJ, Preisinger AC, Jessup JM, Paraskeva C, Markowitz S, Willson JK, Hamilton S, Vogelstein B. p53 gene mutations occur in combination with 17p allelic deletions as late events in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 1990 Dec1;50(23):7717-22. PubMed

  Dideoxy fingerprinting (ddF)

  Blaszyk H, Hartmann A, Schroeder JJ, McGovern RM, Sommer SS, Kovach JS. Rapid and efficient screening for p53 gene mutations by dideoxy fingerprinting. Biotechniques. 1995 Feb;18(2):256-60. PubMed

  Affymetrix GeneChip® p53 Assay

  Yeast functional assay

  Robert V, Michel P, Flaman JM, Chiron A, Martin C, Charbonnier F, Paillot B, Frebourg T. High frequency in esophageal cancers of p53 alterations inactivating the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis. Carcinogenesis. 2000 Apr;21(4):563-5. PubMed

• p53 coding sequence

  p53 GeneBank entry

  p53 GDB entry

• TP53: definition, function and molecular genetics

  OMIM entry #191170 at NCBI

  HotMolecBase entry at Weizmann Institute

  GeneCards entry

  The TP53 page at The Tumor Gene Database

• p53 protein structure

  p53 Swiss-Prot entry

  Structure Explorer for p53 core domain in complex with DNA

  Structure Explorer for p53 core domain in complex with Binding-Protein2

  Structure Explorer for p53 oligomerization domain (1)

  Structure Explorer for p53 oligomerization domain (2)

• Other TP53 mutation databases

  The p53 database at Curie Institute, Paris

  Database of germline TP53 mutations in Prague
  
  Other links (mentioned below) to TP53 mutation data can be found on the internet. However, these links correspond to databases that have not been updated or do not explain the origin of their data.

  IARC TP53 database
  The R8 release of the IARC TP53 Mutation Database contains 18,585 somatic mutations and 225 germline mutations.The IARC TP53 database includes all TP53 gene mutations identified in human cancers and published in the peer-reviewed literature.
  

  Previous versions of the IARC TP53 Database are posted at the EBI and at The New Mexico School of Medicine, USA (R4 release)

  P53 mutation database, Analysis and search, Japan (1995)

  Human p53 database and software, N. Cariello (1997)

Labs Studying Apoptosis

• John M. Abrams (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) Dr
• John A. Berges (Queen's University of Belfast) P
• Thomas L. Brown (Wright State University) H, M, MV
• Pierre Golstein (Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, France) Di, M
• Stefan Grimm (Max Planck Institute, Germany) MV
• H. Robert Horvitz (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) C
• Gil Mor (Yale University, School of Medicine) MV
• John Mountz (University of Alabama, Birmingham) M
• Junying Yuan (Harvard Medical School) C

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